**Chandra Shekhar Azad: A Biography of Courage and Revolution**
**Chandra Shekhar Azad: A Biography of Courage and Revolution**
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Chandrashekhar Azad, one of India's most iconic freedom fighters, remains a symbol of youthful courage, perseverance and unwavering patriotism. His life was dedicated to India's independence from British rule and he became a revolutionary leader who inspired several generations to rise against colonial oppression. Born on July 23, 1906 in a small village called Bhavra in present-day Madhya Pradesh, Azad's journey to becoming a national hero was shaped by his early exposure to the brutalities of British colonialism and his intense desire for independence.Chandrashekhar Azad was born in a simple family. His father's name was Pandit Sitaram Tiwari and his mother's name was Jagrani Devi. Azad's early education began at the local school in his village. However, at the age of 15, he became deeply influenced by the Indian freedom struggle. The nationalist fervour of the time, inspired by leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, caught Azad's attention. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 had a deep impact on him, in which British soldiers mercilessly murdered hundreds of innocent Indians. This incident instilled a deep sense of patriotism in the young Azad.In his teens, Azad moved to Varanasi for further studies, where he joined the local independence movement. He was particularly inspired by the non-cooperation movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. During this period, Azad was arrested for participating in protests and demonstrations. At the age of 15, he was brought before a British magistrate. When asked his name, Azad proudly said,"My name is Azad, my father's name is Swaraj, and my address is jail." This incident marked the beginning of his association with revolutionary activities.Azad's early involvement in the Indian freedom struggle was deeply influenced by his association with various revolutionary groups. He first met revolutionary leader Ram Prasad Bismil and the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The HRA was an organisation committed to overthrowing the British rule through armed resistance and was formed by prominent leaders such as Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan and Rajendra Lahiri.Azad was deeply influenced by their ideology and joined them. He vowed to devote his life to the cause of independence and soon became one of the prominent members of the HRA. His skills in guerrilla warfare, his fearlessness and his deep understanding of the political situation in India made him a prominent figure among the revolutionaries.One of the most important events that brought Azad into the limelight was the Kakori train robbery of 1925. The aim of the robbery was to seize money to support the activities of the revolutionaries. Azad played a key role in planning and executing the robbery along with Bismil and other associates. Although the robbery was successful, many revolutionaries including Bismil were eventually arrested. However, Azad managed to escape the police trap and his courage and cunning became legendary.After the Kakori incident, Azad took over the leadership of the HRA, which later evolved into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). Inspired by socialist principles, this new organisation focused on more direct action, including armed struggle, to achieve independence. The HSRA was known for its daring activities, including bombings and assassinations of British officials. Azad firmly believed that only a revolution could drive out the British and liberate India from colonial rule.In the early 1930s, Azad's association with the HSRA grew stronger and he became one of the most feared and respected leaders of the revolutionary movement. He also formed a close relationship with the great freedom fighter Bhagat Singh and played a key role in his revolutionary activities. Under Azad's leadership, the HSRA began to gain fame for its daring actions.Azad's most famous rebellion was in the form of an armed struggle against the British. He and his comrades planned several high-profile attacks on British officials, police officers, and institutions. One of the most notable incidents was the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi in 1929. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt, with Azad's assistance, carried out the bombing in an attempt to protest the British government's repressive laws. Although the bomb caused no casualties, the incident drew widespread attention to the cause of independence.Azad's celebrity status among revolutionaries continued to grow. However, the British authorities were constantly on the lookout for him. He repeatedly evaded capture, which led to his imprisonment.
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